What is the primary function of catalytic converters in vehicles?

Catalytic converters play a crucial role in reducing emissions of harmful pollutants produced by vehicles. Their primary function is to facilitate chemical reactions that convert toxic gases, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and unburned hydrocarbons, into less harmful emissions, such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen. This process helps to meet environmental regulations and improve air quality.

While there are components of vehicle operation that can contribute to fuel efficiency or enhance engine performance, the primary purpose of a catalytic converter is specifically related to its role in emission control. It effectively lowers the levels of harmful substances released into the atmosphere, playing a vital part in reducing air pollution generated from internal combustion engines. The other options, although relevant to vehicle performance and operation, do not capture the essential function of catalytic converters.