What is the most significant environmental impact of acid rain?

Acid rain is a significant environmental issue that can harm various ecosystems and human-made structures. It results from the release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, which then combine with water vapor to form acids. This precipitation can have a broad range of impacts.

The damage to aquatic ecosystems is particularly severe; acid rain alters the pH of water bodies, which can be harmful or even deadly to fish and other aquatic organisms. Many species are sensitive to changes in pH, and a shift to more acidic conditions can disrupt their reproductive and feeding behaviors, ultimately leading to declines in populations.

Moreover, soil fertility can be compromised as acid rain leaches essential nutrients from the soil, such as calcium and magnesium, which are crucial for plant growth. When these nutrients are depleted, it can impair plant health and agricultural productivity.

Additionally, acid rain contributes to the corrosion of buildings and monuments, especially those made from limestone and marble, as the chemical reaction between the acid and the stone can lead to significant deterioration over time. Historical structures and infrastructure can be particularly vulnerable to these effects.

Given that acid rain can lead to all these detrimental impacts—declining soil fertility, damage to aquatic ecosystems, and corrosion of buildings—selecting the option that encompasses