What challenge remains for countries with heavy industrialization regarding air pollution?

The challenge of meeting energy demands without polluting is critical for countries with heavy industrialization. These nations often rely on energy sources that contribute significantly to air pollution, such as coal and oil. As populations grow and the demand for energy escalates, the reliance on these fossil fuels can lead to increased emissions of harmful pollutants, including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter.

To address this challenge, industrialized countries must explore cleaner energy alternatives, such as renewable sources (solar, wind, and hydroelectric power) and implement more efficient technologies that reduce emissions. This approach not only aims to meet the energy needs of the population but also addresses the pressing issue of air quality and public health.

While the other options touch on important aspects of air quality management, they either present overarching goals that may not be achievable in the short term (like completely eliminating all air pollutants) or focus on economic concerns and outdated methods that may not be relevant to the immediate needs of balancing energy demands with environmental stewardship. The emphasis on sustainable energy production without compromising air quality encapsulates the urgent dilemma many industrialized nations face.