How does industrial activity contribute to air quality degradation?

Industrial activity contributes to air quality degradation primarily through the release of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. These substances are byproducts of burning fossil fuels and other industrial processes. Sulfur dioxide can lead to the formation of acid rain and respiratory problems in humans, while nitrogen oxides can contribute to ground-level ozone formation, which is harmful to both human health and the environment. The increased emissions from industrial operations can significantly elevate the levels of these harmful pollutants in the atmosphere, resulting in decreased air quality.

In contrast, the other options relate more to positive aspects or misinterpretations of industrial activities. Reduced workplace safety does not contribute directly to air quality; instead, it pertains to employee health. Promoting sustainable practices and increased energy efficiency actually aim to minimize environmental impact and improve air quality rather than contributing to its degradation. Therefore, the action most relevant to the question focuses on the harmful emissions from industrial activities.